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the adverse effects of alcohol on vitamin a metabolism维生素a代谢酒精的副作用
Nutrients 2012, 4, 356-371; doi:10.3390/nu4050356
OPEN ACCESS
nutrients
ISSN 2072-6643
/journal/nutrients
Review
The Adverse Effects of Alcohol on Vitamin A Metabolism
Robin D. Clugston * and William S. Blaner
Department of Medicine and Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons,
Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; E-Mail: wsb2@
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: rdc2132@;
Tel.: +1-212-305-1490.
Received: 29 March 2012; in revised form: 30 April 2012 / Accepted: 3 May 2012 /
Published: 7 May 2012
Abstract: The objective of this review is to explore the relationship between alcohol and
the metabolism of the essential micronutrient, vitamin A; as well as the impact this
interaction has on alcohol-induced disease in adults. Depleted hepatic vitamin A content
has been reported in human alcoholics, an observation that has been confirmed in animal
models of chronic alcohol consumption. Indeed, alcohol consumption has been associated
with declines in hepatic levels of retinol (vitamin A), as well as retinyl ester and retinoic
acid; collectively referred to as retinoids. Through the use of animal models, the complex
interplay between alcohol metabolism and vitamin A homeostasis has been studied; the
reviewed research supports the notion that chronic alcohol consumption precipitates a
decline in hepatic retinoid levels through increased breakdown, as well as increased export
to extra-hepatic t
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