the effect of wind power installations on coastal tourism风力发电设施沿海旅游的影响.pdfVIP

Energies 2010, 3, 1-22; doi:10.3390/en3010001 OPEN ACCESS energies ISSN 1996-1073 /journal/energies Article The Effect of Wind Power Installations on Coastal Tourism Meredith Blaydes Lilley, Jeremy Firestone * and Willett Kempton Center for Carbon-free Power Integration, College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA; E-Mails: mblaydes@ (M.B.L.); willett@ (W.K.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: jf@; Tel.: +1-302-831-0228; Fax: +1-302-831-6838. Received: 10 October 2009 / Accepted: 10 December 2009 / Published: 8 January 2010 Abstract: We surveyed more than 1,000 randomly sampled, out-of-state tourists at Delaware, USA beaches in 2007. After providing respondents with wind turbine project photo-simulations at several distances, we inquired about the effect development would have on visitation. Approximately one-quarter stated that they would switch beaches if an offshore wind project was located 10 km from the coast, with avoidance diminishing with greater distance from shore. Stated avoidance is less than: avoidance with a fossil fuel power plant located the same distance inland; attraction to a beach with offshore wind turbines; and the percentage stating they would likely pay to take a boat tour. Keywords: wind power; offshore; tourism; beach; contingent behavior 1. Introduction Beginning in 1980 with a “few experimental turbines”