the ethics of human volunteer studies involving experimental exposure to pesticides unanswered dilemmas人类志愿者的伦理研究涉及实验接触杀虫剂悬而未决的难题.pdfVIP

London et al. Environmental Health 2010, 9:50 /content/9/1/50 REVIEW Open Access The ethics of human volunteer studies involving experimental exposure to pesticides: unanswered dilemmas 1* 2 3,7 4 5 6,8 Leslie London , David Coggon , Angelo Moretto , Peter Westerholm , Martin F Wilks , Claudio Colosio Abstract The controversy about the use of data from human volunteer studies involving experimental exposure to pesti- cides as part of regulatory risk assessment has been widely discussed, but the complex and interrelated scientific and ethical issues remain largely unresolved. This discussion paper, generated by authors who comprised a work- group of the ICOH Scientific Committee on Rural Health, reviews the use of human experimental studies in regula- tory risk assessment for pesticides with a view to advancing the debate as to when, if ever, such studies might be ethically justifiable. The discussion is based on three elements: (a) a review of discussion papers on the topic of human testing of pesticides and the positions adopted by regulatory agencies in developed countries; (b) an ana- lysis of published and unpublished studies involving human testing with pesticides, both in the peer-reviewed lit- erature and in the JMPR database; and (c) application of an ethical analysis to the problem. The paper identifies areas of agreement which include general principles that may provide a starting point on which to base criteria for judgements as to the ethical acceptability of such studies. However, the paper also highlights ongoing unresolved differences of opinion inherent in ethical analysis of contentious issues, which we propose should form a starting point for further debate an