unauthorized horizontal spread in the laboratory environment the tactics of lula, a temperate lambdoid bacteriophage of escherichia coli未经授权的水平传播在实验室环境中卢拉的战术,人字形的温和噬菌体的大肠杆菌.pdfVIP

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unauthorized horizontal spread in the laboratory environment the tactics of lula, a temperate lambdoid bacteriophage of escherichia coli未经授权的水平传播在实验室环境中卢拉的战术,人字形的温和噬菌体的大肠杆菌.pdf

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unauthorized horizontal spread in the laboratory environment the tactics of lula, a temperate lambdoid bacteriophage of escherichia coli未经授权的水平传播在实验室环境中卢拉的战术,人字形的温和噬菌体的大肠杆菌

Unauthorized Horizontal Spread in the Laboratory Environment: The Tactics of Lula, a Temperate Lambdoid Bacteriophage of Escherichia coli Ella Rotman, Luciana Amado, Andrei Kuzminov* Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America Abstract We investigated the characteristics of a lambdoid prophage, nicknamed Lula, contaminating E. coli strains from several sources, that allowed it to spread horizontally in the laboratory environment. We found that new Lula infections are inconspicuous; at the same time, Lula lysogens carry unusually high titers of the phage in their cultures, making them extremely infectious. In addition, Lula prophage interferes with P1 phage development and induces its own lytic development in response to P1 infection, turning P1 transduction into an efficient vehicle of Lula spread. Thus, using Lula prophage as a model, we reveal the following principles of survival and reproduction in the laboratory environment: 1) stealth (via laboratory material commensality), 2) stability (via resistance to specific protocols), 3) infectivity (via covert yet aggressive productivity and laboratory protocol hitchhiking). Lula, which turned out to be identical to bacteriophage phi80, also provides an insight into a surprising persistence of T1-like contamination in BAC libraries. Citation: Rotman E, Amado L, Kuzminov A (2010) Unauthorized Horizontal Spread in the Laboratory Environment: The Tactics of Lula, a Temperate Lambdoid Bacteriophage of Escherichia coli. PLoS ONE 5(6): e11106. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011106 Editor: Martin G. Marinus, University of Massachusetts Medical School, United States of America Received March 10, 2010; Accepted May 20, 2010; Published June 14, 2010 Copyright: 2010 Rotman et