钠元素对植物的危害和钾元素对植物的作用（The harm of sodium to plants and the effect of potassium on plants）.docVIP

钠元素对植物的危害和钾元素对植物的作用（The harm of sodium to plants and the effect of potassium on plants） The following are the hazards of sodium to plants and the effect of potassium on plants. I. the harm of sodium ions to plants Salinity can cause two kinds of damage to plants: one is toxicity, and the other is that when plants absorb more sodium or chloride ions, they change the structure and function of the cell membrane. For example, the concentration of sodium ions in the plant cell is too high, the cell membrane calcium ion will be replaced by the original sodium ion, the cell membrane has tiny holes, membrane leakage phenomenon, leading to the type and concentration of ions within the cell changes, the nucleic acid and protein synthesis and decomposition of the balance is destroyed, thus seriously effect of plant growth and development. At the same time, because of the large accumulation of salt in the cells, it also leads to coagulation of the plasma, resulting in chlorophyll damage and rapid decline of photosynthesis rate. In addition, will make the starch decomposition, causing sugar in guard cells increased, turgor pressure increases, resulting in stomatal expansion and excessive water loss. These hazards can cause plant deaths. Two is to improve the soil osmotic pressure, the absorption of the root of the plant caused resistance, so that water plants difficult. As a result, severe water shortage in plants, photosynthesis and metabolism can not be carried out; at the same time, there will be cell dehydration, plant wilt, and finally lead to plant death. Two. The effect of potassium on plants 1. Enzyme activation In the course of chemical reactions, enzymes act as catalysts. Enzymes combine molecules to promote chemical reactions. More than 60 types of enzymes involved in plant growth are required to be activated by potassium. Potassium can alter the physical configuration of enzyme molecules, Expose the appropriate site of chemical activity and participate in the reactio