《诊断学基础》放射诊断重点（Diagnostic basics of diagnostic radiology）.docVIP

《诊断学基础》放射诊断重点（Diagnostic basics of diagnostic radiology） X ray characteristics: penetrating (imaging basis), fluorescence effect (X-ray basis), photographic effect (photographic basis), ionization effect (therapeutic basis) A method of introducing a substance above or below the density of the organ into the organ in need of examination to produce a contrast to show its shape and function. Lung and Mediastinum Lung: the transparent region of an air containing lung on a chest radiograph. Second, fourth rib, lower edge, horizontal marking, Sanye. Hilar: lung A, pulmonary lobe A, lung segment A, accompanied by bronchial and lung V. The upper and lower lungs of the right hilum intersect to form the hilum angle. Mediastinum: the lower edge of the sternum handle to the lower edge of the fourth thoracic spine as the boundary, divided into upper and lower parts, the upper part of the trachea behind the boundary, before and after the lower part of the pericardium as the boundary, before, after and after. Pathological changes: Lung: Exudation: occurs in pneumonia, exudative pulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonary hemorrhage, and pulmonary edema. Alveolar nodules: 1cm below the diameter (4~7mm), with clear margins and quincunx nodules. The pathological basis is granulomas, tumors, vasculitis and peripheral inflammation, or exudation, bleeding, or edema. Hollow: thin-walled 3mm, thick walled 3mm seen in the lungs, abscesses (Ye Ping), tuberculosis (no or less fluid) and lung cancer (nodular wall). Cavity: the pathological expansion of intrapulmonary lacuna, pulmonary cyst and pulmonary airbag gas lung, the kitchen. Calcification: most commonly seen in the healing of caseous nodules in the lungs or lymph nodes. High density shadows with sharp edges and different shapes can be speckled, lumpy or spherical. Hilar enlargement is seen in the hilar vessels, enlargement of the hilar lymph nodes, or in the lumen or in the cavity. Hilar narrowing is seen in the hilum of the lung and the vessel