海洋卫星微波遥技术发展现状与展望.pdfVIP

综述文章（Reviews ） 海洋卫星微波遥感技术发展现状与展望 蒋兴伟，宋清涛 国家卫星海洋应用中心，北京 100081 摘要 主动式和被动式微波遥感可以得到大量的地球物理参数和上层海洋信息，包括海表温度、海面矢量风、海面高度、海表盐度、 海冰等。 微波遥感可以穿透云层，全天候不间断观测海况信息。 中国计划2011 年发射运行的“海洋”2 号（HY-2A ）卫星有效载荷为3 个微波遥感器，主要用来观测海面矢量风、海表温度和海面高度。 HY-2A 卫星将有效提高全球海洋卫星观测在时间和空间上的采样 频率。 本文介绍了与 HY-2A 卫星相关的海洋微波遥感技术现状，对微波遥感的优势和目前业务化运行的海洋微波卫星的局限性进 行分析，总结了微波遥感的新技术进展和全球下一代微波遥感卫星的发射计划，最后指出发展中国立体海洋监测和中国“海洋”3 号 （ ）卫星（其主载荷为 频段多极化合成孔径雷达）对于更深入了解大洋和海岸带的必要性。 HY-3 C 关键词 微波遥感；海洋遥感；微波辐射计；海面高度计；散射计 中图分类号 文献标识码 文章编号 （ ） P732.1 A 1000-7857 2010 03-0105-07 Satellite Microwave Measurements of the Global Oceans and Future Missions JIANG Xingwei, SONG Qingtao National Satellite Ocean Applications Service, Beijing 100081, China Abstract A wide variety of geophysical information including Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Ocean Vector Winds (OVW), Sea Surface Height (SSH) and Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) can be retrieved by satellite -borne microwave sensors. Cloud is nearly transparent to microwave, and the availability of all-weather microwave satellite measurements has overcome many limitations of traditional optical and infrared measurements. The China ocean satellite 2 (HY-2A), scheduled to be launched in 2011, with primary objective of measuring SST, SSH and OVW, will significantly increase the sampling frequency over the global oceans while working together with other operational microwave satellites. This paper reviews the up-to-date ocean microwave satellite missions, outlines the future microwave missions and new technologies used to overcome limitations of the current microwave sensors, and addresses the importance of multi-dimensional observing system that combines high-resolution microwave (Chinas ocean satellite 3, HY -3), optical and infrared sen