浅析直接引语与间接引语.doc

直接引语与间接引语 一、学习目标 ? 1. 掌握直接引语与间接引语的意义、功能及用法； ? 2. 进一步熟练过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时）。 二、学习重点难点 ? 1.直接引语（Direct Speech）是指原封不动的引用原话，把它放在引号内，例如： ? Mother told me, “You should finish your homework first, then you can go out and play with your friends.” ? They said, “We want to have a rest.” ? 间接引语（Reported Speech，又叫Indirect Speech）即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内。上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是： ? Mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go out and play with my friends. ? They said they wanted to have a rest. ? 2. 当我们把直接引语变成间接引语时，由于引述动词（said，told等）一般都是过去时形式，因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。有下面几种情况： ? 1） 现在时间推移到过去时间 ? 所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，现在完成时变成过去完成时。例如： ? She said, “I am hungry.” ? － She said (that) she was hungry. ? He said, “The family are fighting among themselves.” ? － He said (that) the family were fighting among themselves. ? Tom said, “I have found what’s wrong with the computer.” ? － Tom said he had found what was wrong with the computer. ? 在下列场合，尽管陈述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变，即： ? a） 当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时： ? He said, “The word ‘laser’ is an acronym（首字母缩略词）.” ? － He said the word ‘laser’ is an acronym. ? b） 当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时： ? “I’m forty,” he said. ? － He said he is forty. ? c） 当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时： ? He said, “It must be pretty late. I really must go.” ? － He said it must be pretty late, and he really must go. ? He said, “You mustn’t smoke in the room.” ? － He said I mustn’t smoke in the room. ? 2） 过去时间推移到过去的过去 ? 这里需要注意以下几点： ? a） 当强调动作或状态先于引述动词时，一般过去时要变成过去完成体。例如： ? He said, “I didn’t know you.” ? － He said he hadn’t known me. ? 当“过去的过去”已经不言自明，或者通过其他词汇手段予以体现，或者侧重于强调所转述的事实本身时，一般过去时形式可以不变。例如： ? Ann said, “She was born in 1981.” ? － Ann said she was born in 1981. ? b） 过去进行时可以变成过去完成进行时，也可以不变。例如： ? Robert said, “I was joking with Mary.” ? － Robert said he had been joking with Mary. ? Robert said he was joking with Mary. ? c） 过去完成时仍为过去完成时，不需改变。例如： ? He said, “We hadn’t returned to the store when she came.” ? － He said they had