《美国文学史选读》复习思考题答案.docVIP

（0171）《美国文学史及选读》复习思考题答案 I. Write out the authors’ names of the following works. (15) Benjamin Franklin T. S. Eliot James Cooper Walt Whitman James Baldwell Ernest Hemingway Joseph Heller John Steinbeck William Faulkner Mark Twain Washington Irving Ernest Hemingway Robert Frost Toni Morrison Ralph Ellison Eugene O’Neill John Steinbeck Allan Poe F. Scott Fitzgerald Tennessee Williams Washington Irving Robert Frost Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville Eugene O’Neill Mark Twain William Faulkner Robert Frost Arthur Miller James Cooper H. D. Thoreau Henry James Whitman Jack London Jack London O’Neill II. Define the following literary terms. (20) Beat generation: The term was coined by Jack Kerouac in 1948 to refer to a group of disillusioned writers following World War Two. Later, this literary and cultural movement continued into the 1960s. The Beat Generation must not be confused with the Lost Generation of writers. Spokesmen and representatives of the Beat Generation were Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg and others. They revolted against an America that was materialistic, belligerent and frustrating. Social, intellectual and sexual freedom was advocated. Traditional culture and normal social behavior were attacked and violated. Many of them were drug addicts wearing long hair and dirty clothes. They were fond of slangs and jazz. Masterpieces created by writers of this group include Kerouac’s On the Road and Ginsberg’s Howl and Other Poems, which were regarded as pocket Bibles of that generation. Other prominent Beats include William S. Burroughs, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Gregory Corso, Michael McClure, and Neal Cassady. The Beat Generation, had greatly influenced the countercultural movements of the 1960s and the adolescents and adults in other countries. In England, the “angry young men” made an echo and imitated the American “beatnik.” Protagonist: the principal character in a play or story;