the role of autophagy in crohn’s disease自噬在克罗恩病的作用.pdfVIP

Cells 2012, 1, 492-519; doi:10.3390/cells1030492 OPEN ACCESS cells ISSN 2073-4409 /journal/cells Review The Role of Autophagy in Crohns Disease Paul Henderson 1,2,* and Craig Stevens 2,3 1 Department of Child Life and Health, 20 Sylvan Place, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 1UW, UK 2 Gastrointestinal Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; E-Mail: C.Stevens@napier.ac.uk 3 Faculty of Life, Sport and Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: paul.henderson2@; Fax: +44-131-536-0052. Received: 18 June 2012 ; in revised form: 20 July 2012 / Accepted: 23 July 2012 / Published: 3 August 2012 Abstract: (Macro)-autophagy is a homeostatic process by which eukaryotic cells dispose of protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Autophagy is also used to degrade micro-organisms that invade intracellularly in a process termed xenophagy. Genome-wide association scans have recently identified autophagy genes as conferring susceptibility to chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, with evidence suggesting that CD arises from a defective innate immune response to enteric bacteria. Here we review the emerging role of autophagy in CD, with particular focus on xenophagy and enteric E. coli strains with an adherent and invasive phenotype that have bee