疫苗基础（Vaccine Foundation）.docVIP

疫苗基础（Vaccine Foundation） Vaccine Foundation First, the concept of vaccine A biological product made from pathogenic microorganisms and parasites and its components or metabolites; used for artificial immunity; known as vaccines. Vaccination of animals stimulates the bodys immune system to produce an immune response that produces immunity against specific pathogens (or parasites), thereby preventing epidemics. Two. Vaccine type Made by bacteria, viruses, Rickettsia, spirochetes, mycoplasma and other complete microbial vaccine, called routine vaccine. Conventional vaccine is divided into live vaccine, inactivated vaccine and toxoid according to its pathogenic microorganism. Vaccines developed by molecular biology, bioengineering and immunochemistry are called new vaccines, which mainly include subunit vaccines, genetic engineering vaccines, synthetic peptide vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines, etc.. (I) live vaccine Live vaccines are attenuated vaccines obtained by artificial mutagenesis, or attenuated naturally attenuated strains (but still maintained good immunogenicity), or vaccines produced by heterologous strains. Such as brucellosis live vaccine, live swine fever vaccine, live vaccine of Mareks disease (type II), chicken Mareks disease, turkey herpes virus live vaccine and so on. 1, the advantages of live vaccine (1) the effect of immunity is good. Live vaccine, vaccine in a certain period of time, with the growth and reproduction in the animal body, the body is like a slight infection, so the vaccine dosage is less, while the body acquired immunity is relatively strong and lasting. (2) more routes of inoculation. Through the nose and eye drops, drinking water, oral, aerosol and other ways to induce cellular immunity, humoral immunity and local mucosal immunity. 2, the shortcomings of live vaccine (1) virulence may occur. In general, genetic traits of attenuated live vaccine is relatively stable, but due to repeated inoculation passaged viruses may be caused by inc