碎步测量（Suibu measurement）.doc

碎步测量（Suibu measurement） Methods 7-4 and detail survey. I. selection of broken ends Two theodolite surveying and mapping method Three, additional sites Four, matters needing attention Five, the distribution of topographic points and maximum sight distance I. selection of broken ends I. selection of broken ends Broken points: features, features, features of a landscape. (1) the selection of feature points of ground objects; Feature point: the turning point, intersection, bend point and the center point of an independent object on the contour line of an object that determines the shape of the object. Such as the corner of the house, the turning point of the road, the crossing point, the turning point of the river bank and so on General provisions: the main parts of the convex and concave parts on the map is greater than 0.4 (0.5) mm should be expressed, less than 0.4mm, can be connected in a straight line. Standing ruler: the ruler raises the ruler to the topographical features. (1) ground features take the contour turning point. Methods 7-4 and detail survey. Self-study - for reference: Objects - natural and man-made fixed objects on the surface of the earth. 1. Requirements for surface mapping: According to the proportion of said features, the orthographic projection position of similar geometry depicted in the diagram, or the boundary position shown in the diagram, draw the corresponding symbol boundary; An object that can not be represented in proportion; represented on the map by the corresponding object symbols in the central position of the object; According to the prescribed scale, according to the requirements of norms and schema, a comprehensive choice; A characteristic point (inflection point) for determining the shape of an object. 2. Surveying and mapping of residential areas Mapping scale is different, comprehensive selection is not the same; Accurate contour mapping, the main internal streets and larger space should be distinguished; Hash type residentia