有机实验题（Organic experiment questions）.docVIP

有机实验题（Organic experiment questions） 1. recrystallization is a common method for purifying solid organic compounds. For recrystallization, please answer the following questions (20 points): (1) what steps are involved in recrystallization? How are impurities removed? (8 points) (2) what is wrong with too much or too little solvent when preparing saturated solutions? How to avoid? (4 points) (3) when filtering, washing and transfer of the solid solid respectively should pay attention to what? (4 points) (4) at what temperature do solids normally dry? How to determine the purity of solid products? What is the difference between recrystallization using organic solvent and recrystallization with water? (4 points) Reference answer: (1) the preparation of saturated solution, bleaching (except colored impurities), hot filtering (except the colored impurity soluble impurities, why not) cooling crystallization (a small amount of soluble impurities in the mother liquor, filtering). (8 points) (2) the amount of solvent is too much, resulting in less or less crystallization of the product, the amount of solvent is too little, the heat is filtered and cooled on the funnel. (2 points) First, less solvent, increasing, just after saturation, add 20% of the solvent. (2 points) (3) solid transfer filtration: first, supernatant is poured into the funnel, and then transferred to the solid solid residue; rinse with a small amount of liquor. (2 points) When washing and washing the solid when the first filtration, moistened with solvent and a little cold with a glass rod carefully pry, dry. (2 points) (4) solids should be dried at least 10 degrees below the melting point; (1 points) Determine the purity of a solid product by measuring the melting point. (1 points) Recrystallization with organic solvent is required for fire protection. (2 points) 2. about extraction, please answer the following questions (20 points): (1) what is extraction? What is washing? Point out the similarities and di