曼尼希反应（Manihi reaction）.docVIP

曼尼希反应（Manihi reaction） Manihi reaction (Mannich reaction, short reaction, also known as MF) amine methylation reaction, are compounds containing active hydrogen (usually Tang Ji compound) with formaldehyde and two amine or ammonia condensation, formation of beta amino (Tang Ji) reactions of organic compounds. General aldimine and alpha methylene carbonyl compounds has also been seen as the Mannich reaction. The reaction product of beta amino compounds (Tang Ji) called the Mannich base (Mannich base), referred to as the base of Schistosoma mansoni. Amines in the reaction are usually two amines, such as piperidine, two methylamine, etc.. If a primary amine is used and the reaction condensation product has hydrogen on the nitrogen, it can continue to react, so it may sometimes be possible to use primary amines as needed. If the three amines or aromatic amines, the reaction can not generate imine ions, stay at the quaternary ammonium step. The action of amine / ammonia is to activate another reactant, aldehyde. Formaldehyde is the most commonly used aldehyde, usually with its aqueous solution, trimeric formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde. In addition to formaldehyde, other aldehydes can also be used. The reaction is usually carried out in water, acetic acid or alcohol, and a small amount of hydrochloric acid is added to ensure acidity. Compounds containing alpha hydrogen for carbonyl compounds (aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester), fatty nitrile, nitro compound, terminal alkynes, alpha alkyl pyridine or imine etc.. If an unsymmetrical ketone is used, the product is a mixture. Heterocyclic compounds such as furan, pyrrole and thiophene can also react. The reaction is usually carried out at high temperature and in a proton solvent. The reaction time is long and the by-products are easy to produce. The reaction mechanism is shown in the following figure. A carbonyl ion intermediate can be obtained by carbonyl protonation, nucleophilic nucleophilic addition of protons to