期中复习（Midterm review）.docVIP

期中复习（Midterm review） Mid term organic chemistry review I. physical properties Methane: colorless, odorless, insoluble Ethylene: colorless, slightly odorous, insoluble Acetylene: colorless, odorless, slightly soluble (calcium carbide formation: H2S and PH3 containing a foul odor) Benzene: colorless, has a special smell, liquid insoluble, toxic Ethanol: colorless, with special fragrance, miscible and volatile Acetic acid: colorless, pungent odor, soluble and volatile Two 、 laboratory method Methane: CH3COONa + NaOH - (CaO, CH4 = +Na2CO3, heating) Note: anhydrous sodium acetate: alkali lime =1:3 Solid and solid heating (same as O2, NH3) Anhydrous (cannot use NaAc crystal) CaO: water absorption, dilution of NaOH, not catalyst Ethylene: C2H5OH (concentrated H2SO4170, c), CH2=CH2 = +H2O Note: V alcohol: V, concentrated sulfuric acid =1:3 (dehydrated, mixed with brown) Drainage collection (with Cl2, HCl), temperature 170 DEG C (140 C: ether) Removal of SO2 and CO2 by alkali lime Porcelain: to prevent bumping Acetylene: CaC2 + 2H2O to C2H2 = Ca + 2 (OH) Note: drainage collection without impurity removal Cannot use the universal generator Saturated NaCl: lower reaction rate Catheter placed cotton: prevents slightly soluble Ca (OH) 2 foam from clogging the catheter Ethanol: CH2=CH2 + H2O (catalyst, heating, pressurization) CH3CH2OH I dont know. Its an industrial laboratory, too Note: anhydrous CuSO4 test water (white to blue) Boost concentration: plus CaO, reheat, distillation Three, combustion phenomenon Alkane: flame is light blue, not bright Alkene: bright flame, black smoke By: bright flame with strong black smoke (pure oxygen in 3000 DEG C: oxyacetylene flame) Benzene: flame bright, a lot of black smoke (Tong Que) Alcohol: flame is pale blue, put a lot of heat Four, KMnO4 bromine acid Alkane: no fading Acetylene: both are bleached (the former is oxidized and the latter is added) Benzene: KMnO4 does not fade to fade bromine extraction Five important reaction equation Alka