第五章 FeedingtheBeefCowProduction饲养肉用母牛.pptVIP

Feeding the Beef Cow Production 饲养肉用母牛 Tennis Marx, MSc.泰妮丝.马克思 Beef Production Systems Specialist, Edmonton, Alberta Canada 加拿大阿尔伯塔省埃德蒙顿 肉牛生产体系专家 ENERGY能量 Usually the most limiting nutrient in a ration Fuel required for body functions (movement, heat, production, weight gain, etc.) Ruminants obtain energy from the fiber, carbohydrate and fat portions of a diet 通常是日料中最有限的营养 是身体功能的燃料（运动、热量、生产、增重，等） 反刍动物通过日料中的纤维、碳水化合物、脂肪获得能量。 SIGNS OF ENERGY DEFICIENCY能量缺乏的征兆 Reduction or cessation of growth and loss of weight Reduced milk production, failure to conceive Lower resistance to disease Increased mortality 生长减缓或停止，体重下降 牛奶生产下降，受胎失败 抗病力下降 死亡率增加 Effects of Energy Deficiency on Beef Cows肉用母牛能量缺乏的后果 An Energy deficiency before calving will: Slow down the cow’s return to estrus The cow will be slow to show heat after calving A Deficiency after calving will lower conception rates 产犊前缺乏能量： -母牛再发情慢 -产犊后发情越来越慢 产犊后能量缺乏，受胎率低 Effect of an Energy Deficiency on Reproductive Performance能量缺乏对繁殖性能的影响 Effect of an Energy Deficiency on Reproductive Performance能量缺乏对繁殖性能的影响 Approximately 21 Mcal of DE/day is normally required prior to calving and 27 Mcal of DE/day is required after calving. The amount of energy after calving is much higher than the amount fed prior to calving. 产犊前通常需要约21兆卡消化能/天，产犊后需要27兆卡消化能/天 产犊后需要的能量高于产犊前 Effect of Calving time on Weaned Weight产犊时间对断奶重的影响 Delayed estrus causes late calving the following year. Cows that calve late one year will calve late in the following years. Calves that are born late will weight less at weaning time. 发情延迟造成下一年产犊时间晚 母牛一年产犊时间晚下一年产犊时间也会晚 晚出生的犊牛断奶时体重会低 INCREASING THE ENERGY CONTENT OF DIETS增加日料中能量含量 Feed early cut grass hay or legumes instead of mature grass hay Restrict amount of straw consumed Grains are a concentrated source of energy Feed corn or cereal grain e.g . barley 用早割的干草或豆科干草代替成熟的干草 限制秸秆的消耗量 谷粒/粮食是能量的浓缩源 喂玉米或谷类，例如：大麦 PROTEIN蛋白 Required for growth In the rumen protein in the feed is broken down by microbes