高级英语_Mark_Twain__Mirror_of_America.pptVIP

马克?吐温认为，美国人的理想中缺少了一种成分。他说：“我们只消偶尔地躺下来好好放松休息一下，保持锋棱利角，我们将有可能成为一个多么朝气蓬勃的民族，一个多么富有思想的民族啊!” 57. haunt: to visit, appearing in a strange form The old house is said to be haunted by a headless ghost. A spirit haunts the castle. The sad memory still haunts her. (She was haunted by sad memories.) Poverty and poor health haunted the famous musician. 58. meningitis : -itis : diseases involving inflamation bronchitis (支气管炎), tonsillitis (扁桃体炎), appendicitis (阑尾炎), hepatitis (肝炎), arthritis (关节炎). 转喻(Metonymy)是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。转喻又称换喻，或借代。 1. He is the black sheep in the family. 害群败类、败家子 2. She didn’t want to be looked upon as a blue stocking. 才女、女学者 3. Grey hairs should be respected. 4. He is fond of the bottle. 自从他因淘金失败而感到心灰意冷之后，马克?吐温便开始努力博取作为一名报社记者和幽默作家的地区性声望。从事新闻报道工作当然不能使他像淘金成功者一样立成巨富，但在挣钱方面他的笔杆却比他的锄镐要有效得多。1864年春季，在他加盟《领土开发报》还不足两年之时，他又乘驿站马车前往旧金山，那儿在当时和现在都是有前途的年轻作家成长的摇篮。 31. hone: n. a stone used to sharpen knives and tools v. to sharpen with hone 用磨刀石磨 e.g. to hone one’s wit 磨练意志 32. scathing columns: severe and harsh articles 文笔尖锐的专栏 A column (专栏) is one of a series of feature articles appearing regularly under a fixed title in a newspaper or magazine, written by a special writer or devoted to a certain subject. cf: columnist (专栏作家) mistreat: 错误地对待，待人不好 treat (a person, animal) badly, cruelly, unfairly) Many more patients die from being mistreated for consumption than from consumption itself. maltreat:虐待，粗暴残酷地对待 treat (a person, animal) cruelly or with violence: Children die from neglect or are maltreated by their carers. ill-treat:多指残酷地对待 We don’t ill-treat our captives. 33. be accustomed to: be in the habit of, be used to, be familiar with (+doing/ do) 习惯于 He is accustomed to working hard. You will soon get accustomed to that kind of thing. He is not accustomed to working under such noisy condition. accustom oneself He has to accustom himself to the col