犊牛出生至断奶营养.pdf

Nutrition of Calves from Birth to Weaning 犊牛出生至断奶营养 James K. Drackley 吉姆锥克利博士 Professor of Animal Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA 美国伊利诺伊大学尔动物科学系教授 强化犊牛生长计划的目标 Goals for progressive calf programs: 1. 56 日龄体重为出生重两倍 Double birth weight by 56 days 41 kg birth weight 82 kg @ 56 days 需达到日增重 Requires average daily gain = 0.73 kg/day 2. 死亡率小于5％Mortality less than 5% 3. 发病率(治疗率）小于10％ Morbidity (treatments) less than 10% Dairy Calf and Heifer Association “Gold Standards” 今日大纲Outline for today •初乳对生长及未来产奶量的影响 Importance of colostrum to growth and milk •早期犊牛给与较佳营养对牛只的影响 Impacts of better early nutrition •实际操作 Practical implementation •断奶前后过渡期的管理 Management around the weaning transition 健康快速增长始于犊牛出生后的管理 Healthy rapid growth begins at birth •出生时的管理工作 Management tasks at birth /4/3786/10351748823_e38f8feb82_b.jpg 健康犊牛及高效增长 仰赖于良好的初乳管理 Healthy calves and efficient growth depends on good colostrum management http://calfcare.ca/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/colostrumpooling.jpg 初乳 : 不仅只有抗体 Colostrum: More than just antibodies… •初乳为影响犊牛健康及成活率的 最重要管理因素 The single most important management factor for calf health and survival • 出生后首次食物的充足养分来源 Rich source of nutrients as first feed after birth. 饲喂初乳后血中免疫球蛋白水平 与犊牛成活率呈高度正相关 Blood IgG concentration after colostrum is highly related to calf survival 犊 良好 牛 成 活