第七章 时间分辨光谱和相干光谱.pdf

第七章 时间分辨光谱和相干光谱 (Time Resolved Spectroscopy and Coherent Spectroscopy) §7.1 Generation of Short Laser Pulses §7.2 Measurement of Ultrashort Pulses §7.3 Lifetime Measurement with Lasers §7.4 Pump-and-Probe Technique §7.5 相干光谱 Coherent Spectroscopy 第七章 时间分辨光谱和相干光谱 (Time Resolved Spectroscopy and Coherent Spectroscopy) 时间分辨光谱研究快过程：激发态的辐射和碰撞衰变，激发态 分子异构化，激发态原子分子动力学，化学反应过程，能量在分 子内的传递，液相，等等。 radiative or collision-induced decays of excited levels,isomerization of excited molecules, or the relaxation of an optically pumped system toward thermal equilibrium, opens the way to study in detail the dynamic properties of excited atoms and molecules. A through knowledge of dynamic processes is of fundamental importance of many branches of physics,chemistry, or biology. Requirement: the resolvable minimum time interval △t must still be shorter than the time scale T of the process under investigation. The spectral resolution △v of most time-resolved techniques is, in principle, confined by the Fourier limit: △v =a/ △T: △T is the duration of the short light pulse, a ≈1 depends on the profile I(t) of the pulse -18 -15 1 attosccond :10 s; the femotosecond :10 s some time-resolved coherent methods based on regular trains of short pulses even circumvent the Fourier-limit △v of a single pulse. First: techniques for the generation and detection of short laser pulses Second: some applications §7.1 Generation of short Laser Pulses A. incoherent,pulsed light sources(e.g., flashlamps or spark discharges) △T is determined by that of the electric discharge, ms is the shortest available pulse. Only recently the nanosceond range can be reached by using special discharge circuits with low inductance and with pulse-forming networks. B. Laser pulse △T is not necessarily limited by the duratioon of the pump pulse, but may be much shorter. §7.1.1 Ti