超氧化物歧化酶与植物抗逆性_夏民旋.pdf

分子植物育种，2015 年， 第11 期，第2633-2646页 第13 卷， Molecular Plant Breeding, 2015, Vol.13, No.11, 2633-2646 评述与展望 Review and Progress 超氧化物歧化酶与植物抗逆性 夏民旋 王维 袁瑞 邓粉妮 沈法富* 山东农业大学农学院, 作物生物学国家重点实验室, 泰安, 271018 * 通讯作者, ffshen@sdau.edu.cn 摘 要 超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)可以催化超氧化物的歧化反应，是活性氧清除系统中第 一个发挥作用的抗氧化酶。植物在逆境胁迫下会产生对细胞有害的活性氧和自由基，SOD 通过催化歧化反应 使活性氧生成过氧化氢和氧气，保护细胞避免或减轻活性氧伤害。本文从SOD 的发现、分类分布、理化性质、 进化、表达调控机制及在植物抗逆性等方面进行了综述，并对其在农业生产的应用以及未来的研究方法进行 了展望。 关键词 超氧化物歧化酶, 活性氧, 抗逆性, 植物 Superoxide Dismutase and Its Research in Plant Stress-tolerance Xia Minxuan Wang Wei Yuan Rui Deng Fenni Shen Fafu * State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 * Corresponding author, ffshen@sdau.edu.cn DOI: 10.13271/j.mpb.013.002633 Abstract Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the key enzymes functioning as the first line of antioxidant defense by virtue of its ability to convert highly reactive superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. SOD plays a central role in protecting plant against the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species generated during normal cellular metabolic activity or as a result of various environmental stresses. Our review focuses on discovery, categories and distributions, physical and chemical properties, evolution, the expression and regulation of SOD genes and their functional role(s) during development and in response to stresses. We propose two important research directions, studying SOD at the level of genome-wide or proteome-wide, and improving plant stress tolerances to select varieties using transgenic technology. Keywords Reactive oxygen species, Superoxide dismutase, Stress tolerance, Plants 氧对一切需氧生物是必不可少的生存条件，但 氧化物酶体) (Cadenas and Davies, 2000) 。正常情况 是高浓度的氧会引起机体氧中毒，氧中毒是由于氧 下，ROS 会被及时清除，所以不会对机体带来损伤。 在机体内大量地被转为活性氧(reactive oxygen species, 植物在生长过程中遭受逆境胁迫是不可避免 ROS) ，ROS 可以引起一系列有