计算机网络管理Read.pptVIP

第四章 网络测量和监控 第一节 网络测量技术综述 第二节 网络测量技术专题 第三节 网络测量系统举例 第一节 网络测量技术综述 网络测量的概念和举例 测量内容 测量指标 测量方法 测量工具 测量系统 什么是网络测量？ 为什么测量？ The blind Internet Why the Confusion? 缺乏认知途径； 用户期望过高（缺乏对真实现状的了解） ISP过渡宣传 缺乏对不同用户需求的了解、分类和支持（different requirements for latency, loss, bandwidth, variance) 技术问题 如何测量 测量什么 数据管理和分析 Users call help desk complaining of poor connectivity. Diagnosis? 那一种测量？ End-user measurements (black box) ISP measurements Routine Measurements versus Problem Diagnostics 网络层测量 versus 应用层测量 了解什么 Monitor QoS(throughput, variance, and latency) Validate level of service from your provider Monitor service provided to your users on Intranet and to the Internet Problem diagnosis Measure availability, stability TCP Problems Many (most?) commercial TCP implementations are seriously flawed S. Dawson, V. Paxson, IETF TCP Implementors BOF draft-ietf-tcpimpl-prob-03.txt Rentransmit, ignore slow start, etc Web Performance Common (unsubstantiated claim) is overloaded servers Measurements indicate problems with TCP/IP and HTTP Man ignoring congestion control Packet Loss Common Despite provider claims, significant packet loss common on Internet As little as 1% loss significantly impact large flows Most problems inter-provider (at exchange points) The IXPs are the Problems? Yes and No Big pipes and Small pipes Head of the line blocking Settlement issues Convoluted Routing Routing Issues Multihoming difficult and often counter-productive Lack policy not do more than “hot-potato” routing Routing Instability significant problem loss of connectivity packet loss delay convergence “route flap” storms Measurement During NSFNet Measurement Today… Short term effect of routing change Importance of Reducing ISPs/AS’s Crossed 测量项目 静态配置信息：SNMP 网络拓扑和路由 故障发现和定位 性能（效能）：延迟、丢包、利用率 安全：弱点、热点、防御、追踪、取证、内容 使用：时间、带宽、字节、应用、服务 行为：时间规律、空间规律、内容规律、“品行”规律 参数系统 端到端的测量指标 延迟 、延迟抖动 、丢包 、吞吐率 、跳数 、传输病理 面向网络的测量指标 利用率 、局部性 、突发性 、有效负载 路由：路由病理、路由规模（路由直径、聚合度）、路由稳定性 面向数据流的指标 协议分布、尺寸分布、持续时间、 面向网元的指标 CPU利用率、内存余量、吞吐量、丢包率、误