计算机导论 课件Chap 02.pdfVIP

Chapter 2. Data Manipulation 2-1 Chapter 2: Data Manipulation 数据操控 • 2.1 Computer Architecture • 2.2 Machine Language • 2.3 Program Execution • 2.4 Arithmetic/Logic Instructions • 2.5 Communicating with Other Devices • 2.6 Other Architectures 2-2 2.1 Computer Architecture • Central Processing Unit (CPU)中央处理 器 – The circuitry in a computer that controls the manipulation of data – Processor 处理器 – Microprocessor 微处理器 – Connect to motherboard – Bus 2-3 CPU Basics • Central Processing Unit (CPU) or processor 中 央处理器 – Arithmetic/Logic unit(算术逻辑单元), • contains the circuitry that performs data manipulation – Control unit(控制单元) • contains the circuitry for coordinating the machines activities – Register unit (寄存器单元) • Contains data storage cells, called registers(寄存器) • Used for temporary storage of information within the CPU • General purpose • Special purpose 2-4 Figure 2.1 CPU and main memory connected via a bus 2-5 • General-purpose registers (通用寄存器) – as temporary holding places for data being manipulated by the CPU. – These registers hold the inputs to the arithmetic/logic units circuitry and provide storage space for results produced by that unit. • Cache memory(高速缓冲存储器) – a section of high-speed memory with response times similar to that of the CPUs registers, often located within the CPU itself. – to keep a copy of that portion of main m