LED在设施农业应用现状与发展趋势(杨其长).docVIP

LED在设施园艺产业的应用现状与发展趋势 杨其长 (中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所，北京 100081) 摘 要：设施园艺是一个能耗相对较高的产业，其中人工光能耗占有相当的比重，减少人工光能耗是实现设施园艺节能的重要课题。LED不仅具有体积小、、oreground of Light-Emitting Diode（LED）in Protected Horticulture Yang Qichang ( Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China) Abstract: The application of light-emitting diode (LED) in agriculture and bio-industry has been concerned by all over the world with the development of LED technology. LED not only has many advantages, such as small size, longer life, low energy consumption, particular wavelength and low production of heat, but also can emit the exact spectrum based on the need of plant. LED can actualize a lot of functions, such as energy-saving, environment-friendly and efficient space utilization, which can’t be achieved by conventional light source. The application of LED in agriculture and bio-industry has been reviewed in this paper, which includes the characteristics of LED and the progress of LED applied in plant cultivation, tissue culture, plant factory and controlled ecological life support system(CELSS). Trends of LED applied in artificial lighting, plant factory, CELSS and combination with new energy are also outlined. Key words: Artificial lighting, Light-Emitting Diode（LED), Protected Horticulture 0 引言 设施园艺是一个高投入、高产出的产业，同时也是高能耗的行业。据联合国粮食计划署统计，全世界一年农业生产的能耗量有35％用于设施园艺产业，能耗费用约占温室作物生产总费用的15％～40％。人工光源作为设施园艺的重要组成部分，同时也是耗能和增加运行成本的主要因素。有关资料显示，大型连栋温室人工补光（以高压钠灯或金属卤素灯为人工光源）的能耗功率约为200kw/ha；植物苗工厂（以荧光灯为人工光源）各种设备的能耗比例为：照明约占82％，空调制冷约占15％，其他占3％（Kozai，2002）；人工光植物工厂（以荧光灯为光源），照明能耗(三层结构）为800W/m2，约占总能耗的45-55％（Yang，2006）)；植物组培人工光（以荧光灯为人工光源）的能耗（培养架四层结构）为500-600W/m2，约占运行费用的30%-40％。长期以来在设施园艺领域使用的人工光源主要有高压钠灯、荧光灯、金属卤素灯、白炽灯等，这些光源的突出缺点是能、、、1 LED的基本原理与优势 LED（Light- Emitting Diode），又称发光二极管，由Ⅲ-Ⅳ族化合物，如GaAs（砷化镓）、GaP（磷化镓）、GaAsP（磷砷化镓）等半导体材料制成，其核心是PN结（图1所示）。它是利用固体半导体芯片作为发光材料，当两端加上正向电压，半导体中的载流子发生复合，放出过剩的能量而引起光子发射产生可见光。按发光强度和工作电流可分为普通亮度的LED（发光强度10mcd）、高亮度LED（发光