ann13 神经网络 第十三章 神经元集群.pdf

神经网络 Neural Networks 第十三章 神经元集群 史忠植 中国科学院计算技术研究所 / 内容提要 • 13.1 概述 • 13.2 大脑皮层 • 13.3 嗅觉神经系统的K系列模型 • 13.4 皮层功能柱的细胞结构 • 13.5 皮层功能柱理论模型 • 13.6 集群编码 • 13.7 神经元集群时空编码 2014/4/13 史忠植 神经网路 2 Neural Representation of moving direction •Two pieces of information are important for representing the dynamical aspects of external objects, namely, the moving speed and the moving direction of objects. •A. Georgopoulos’s group carried out a series elegant experiments to explore the neural representation of moving direction. •It is one of the few examples in which the coding scheme is relatively well understood. 2014/4/13 史忠植 神经网路 3 Experiment observations •In the experiment, the monkey is guided to move the lever in the center of apparatus to one of eight peripheral locations. •Neural activities in the motor area are recorded. 2014/4/13 史忠植 神经网路 4 All pictures from M. Gazzaniga et al. Cognitive Neuroscience, unless otherwise stated. Preferred stimulus and tuning curve •Preferred stimulus : for each neuron, there is a stimulus value by which the neuron has the maximum response. •Tuning curve: the function mapping between the neural activity (measured by mean firing rate) and the stimulus value. •Noises always exist 2014/4/13 史忠植 神经网路 5 Why population code? •How is the moving direction encoded by neural activities? •By the most active neuron? This sounds reasonably if there is no noise, but it does not work in practice because of