脂肪酸（fatty acid）.doc

脂肪酸（fatty acid） fatty acid Any of a group of organic compounds having long hydrocarbon chains and a carboxyl terminal; combines with glycerol to form fats; hence the name; a basic component of lipids in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Only traces of free fatty acids are found in biological tissues and cells. More than 100 kinds of fatty acids have been isolated from various organisms. Some are hydrocarbon chains with no double bonds of saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, etc. some are unsaturated fatty acids containing one or more double bonds, such as oleic acid and linoleic acid. There are a few fatty acids containing acetylenic (-C Sheng C-), branched chain, ring groups or oxygen containing groups. The difference between different fatty acids mainly lies in the length of hydrocarbon chain, the number of double bonds, the location and configuration, and the number and location of other substituent groups. Nomenclature and abbreviations of fatty acid and chemical name name system name. The name is named according to its source of raw materials, the chemical name system is structured according to the parent compounds of fatty acids (hydrocarbon) name, its abbreviation is the first to write the number of carbon atoms of fatty acid, and then in the colon (:) after write the number of double bonds, the last in the upper right corner of the geometry and position of double bond mark. For example, 16:0 is a saturated fatty acid with 16 carbon atoms. Table 1 and table 2 lists some naturally occurring saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acids of higher plants and animals are both even numbered carbon acids. The carbon chain length is between C12 and C28, and the most common are C16 and C18 acids. Saturated fatty acids below C12 are found mainly in mammalian milk fat. The unsaturated fatty acids in the lipids of higher plants and those living in low temperature are higher than saturated fatty acids. Higher concentrations o