药理学 期中考试复习资料（Review of the midterm examination of Pharmacology）.docVIP

药理学 期中考试复习资料（Review of the midterm examination of Pharmacology） 1 the mechanism, clinical application and adverse reaction of nifedipine The mechanism of action: (1) heart: mild negative inotropic. (2) vascular: obvious dilation of arterial vessels, obvious hypotensive effect. It can also dilate coronary arteries. Lowering blood pressure causes reflex heart rate to accelerate, thereby offsetting direct inhibition of the heart. Clinical application: hypertension, angina pectoris, heart failure. Adverse reactions: excessive vasodilation results in headache, hypotension, flushing of the skin and edema of the lower extremities. Caution for unstable angina pectoris. Prazosin and nitroprusside: balanced dilation of small arteriovenous loops. 6, ACEI (or Kato Pury) as an example of the pharmacological action, mechanisms, clinical applications, adverse reactions Pharmacological effects: (1) hypotensive effect (2) inhibition and reversal of cardiovascular remodeling (3) protect vascular endothelial cells (4) anti atherosclerosis; (5) hemodynamic effects: reduce the afterload of patients with cardiac insufficiency, and not affect the normal function of the heart. (6) protect the kidney: dilate the blood vessel of the kidney. The mechanism of action: (1) inhibition of ACE in circulating and local tissues, and decreasing Ang ii. (2) inhibiting bradykinin degradation, bradykinin releasing PGI2 and NO, relaxing blood vessels, lowering blood pressure and anti platelet aggregation Myocardial cell proliferation and remodeling. (3) inhibit the release of sympathetic neurotransmitter: reduce the release of neurotransmitter by NA. (4) scavenging of free radicals: protect myocardium. Clinical application: hypertension Congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction Diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephropathy Adverse reactions: (1) first dose hypotension (2) anaphylaxis: an allergic reaction to the structure of -SH (3) irritative dry cough; (4) vascular optic edema (5) acute re