药理重难点介绍（Introduction to pharmacological emphasis）.docVIP

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药理重难点介绍（Introduction to pharmacological emphasis）.doc

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药理重难点介绍（Introduction to pharmacological emphasis）

药理重难点介绍（Introduction to pharmacological emphasis） I. General Pharmacology (1) what are the side effects of the drug? What types does it have? The purpose of treating diseases unrelated to individual adverse effects and even harm prevention, called adverse reactions, including side effects, toxicity, allergy, after effect, withdrawal, idiosyncratic reaction etc.. 1, side effects: drug specificity in the treatment of unrelated purposes, it is associated with the selectivity of drug action, the higher the selectivity, the less side effects. 2, toxicity: because the dosage is too large, too long, or the patient is particularly sensitive to drugs, causing the body function or open damage. 3, allergy: also known as drug allergy, a small number of immune abnormalities in patients with certain drugs, the drug as a half antibody production, the drug second times contact, allergic reactions. 4, sequelae: after discontinuation of the drug, the concentration of the drug in the body has dropped below the effective level, at this point, the persistent drug effect is called sequela. 5, withdrawal reaction: the long-term use of patients, the body often produces adaptive changes to drugs, suddenly stop drugs produce adaptive changes, and sudden withdrawal often lead to the deterioration of the original condition. 6, idiosyncratic reaction in some congenital metabolic disorders of patients, patients and the general drugs can cause different reactions, called idiosyncratic reaction. (two) what is potency, strength, and effectiveness? Efficiency refers to maximum effect of each drug can be produced in a large enough dose; potency refers to the need to produce the same effect when each drug dose, reflect the susceptibility to drugs, drug potency is low, the body is more sensitive to the drug. (three) what is the index of treatment? Prior to the use of the drug, a common indicator of safety assessment in laboratory animals was expressed in TI. TI= median lethal dose / median effective do