金属基本知识（Basic knowledge of metal）.docVIP

金属基本知识（Basic knowledge of metal） The properties of metal materials are generally classified into two categories: process performance and service performance. The term process performance refers to the performance of metal parts in the process of manufacturing and the performance of metal materials under the conditions of cold and hot working. The technological performance of metal material determines its adaptability to processing and forming in the manufacturing process. As the processing conditions are different, the required process performance is different, such as casting properties, weldability, malleability, heat treatment, machinability, etc.. The so-called performance refers to the performance of metal parts under the conditions of use, the performance of metal materials, including mechanical properties, physical properties, chemical properties, etc.. The service performance of metal material determines its application range and service life. In the machinery manufacturing industry, the general mechanical parts are used in the normal temperature, atmospheric pressure and non strong corrosive medium, and in the process of use, all the mechanical parts will bear the role of different loads. The resistance of metals to damage under load is called mechanical performance (or mechanical properties). The mechanical properties of metallic materials are the main basis for the design and selection of materials. The mechanical properties of the metal material will also be different due to the different properties of the applied load (such as tension, compression, torsion, impact, cyclic loading, etc.). Commonly used mechanical properties include strength, plasticity, hardness, impact toughness, impact resistance and fatigue limit, etc.. Various mechanical properties are discussed below. 1. strength Strength refers to the performance of metal material against static damage (excessive plastic deformation or fracture) under static loading. Because of the mode of loading,