1_绪论_无损检测.pptVIP

* * 锻造\铸造\挤压 * 加工、焊接、磨削、热处理、电镀 * 开裂、腐蚀、冲蚀磨损、热损伤 * 定期，电厂停机检查。检查员饲料涡流探头进入热交换器管道检查腐蚀损伤。 通过大量的腐蚀减薄而产生的信号。 * 电磁装置和视觉检查是用来发现断丝，钢丝绳，用于缆车其他损伤，起重机和其他起重设备。 * 机器人的爬行器使用超声检查对因腐蚀减薄的迹象，地面大型储罐壁。 在长期的关节臂相机是用来检查是否有损坏的地下储罐 * 无损检测是飞机制造中广泛应用。 无损检测也被用来发现裂纹和飞机的运行过程中的腐蚀损坏。 疲劳裂纹开始在一个雷击地点如下所示。 * 飞机发动机大修是使用一段时间后。 他们完全拆卸，清洗，检查和重新组装。 荧光渗透检验是用来检查许多部件开裂。 * 一种缺陷，也被发现在发动机盘负责联合航空232航班坠机。 * 压力容器的失效会导致大量能量的快速释放。为了防止这种危险的事件，坦克进行造影和超声检测。 * 特种车是用来检查英里铁路成千上万找裂缝，可能导致脱轨。 * The US has 578,000 highway bridges, which are the lifelines of US commerce. Corrosion, cracking and other damage can all affect the bridges load carrying capacity. Therefore, all of the elements that directly affect performance of the bridge including the footing, substructure, deck, and superstructure must be periodically inspected or monitored. Visual inspection is the primary NDE method used to evaluate the condition of the majority of the nations highway bridges. Inspectors periodically (about every two years) pay each bridge a visit to assess its condition. However, it is not uncommon for a fisherman, canoeist and other passerby to alert officials to major damage that may have occurred between inspections. The potential penalties for ineffective inspection of bridges can be very severe. Instances of major bridge collapse are very rare, but the results are truly catastrophic. The collapse of the famous Silver Bridge at Point Pleasant, Ohio in 1967 resulted in loss of 47 lives. The cost of this disaster was 175 million dollars but some experts estimate the same occurrence today would cost between 2.1 and 5.6 billion dollars. Furthermore, these cost figures do not take into account factors such as loss of business resulting from loss of access or detours, the cost resulting from blockage of a major river shipping channel, and potential environmental damage due to hazardous materials being transported over the bridge at the time of collapse. Fatigue cracking and corrosion will become increasingly important considerations as we