生理问答题(呼吸)（Questions and answers for Physiology (breathing)）.docVIP

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生理问答题(呼吸)（Questions and answers for Physiology (breathing)）.doc

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生理问答题(呼吸)（Questions and answers for Physiology (breathing)）

生理问答题(呼吸)（Questions and answers for Physiology (breathing)） 01. What is breathing? What are the parts of the breathing process? The process of gas exchange between an organism and the environment. External respiration: the process of gas exchange between the external environment and the blood in the lungs, including pulmonary ventilation and alveolar gas exchange; The transport of gases in the blood; Internal respiration: the exchange of gases between tissue fluid and blood through cells. 02. What are the effects of bilateral vagotomy on respiration in rabbits? What is the mechanism? Breathing becomes deep and slow; Because the loss of pulmonary dilation reflects inhibition of absorption, the pulmonary distension reflex receptors are located in the smooth muscle of the trachea to the bronchi In. When inspiratory, make lung dilate, pull pull respiratory tract, make sensor excitement, impulse arrives along the afferent fiber of vagus nerve. In the medulla oblongata, through certain nerve connections, the inspiratory cutting mechanism is excited, cutting off the inhalation and turning to the expiration of the breath so that the respiration can be maintained Hold a certain depth and frequency. Therefore, when the vagus nerve is cut off, the breathing occurs, the inhalation increases, deepens, and becomes deep and slow Breath. 03. Briefly introduce the causes and physiological significance of intrathoracic negative pressure. Causes: refers to the intrapleural pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure and negative. Because there is only a small amount of liquid in the cavity, there is no gas, so the internal pressure is not caused by the movement of the gas molecules, but by the The atmosphere is transmitted by membrane. The development speed of people born in the chest than lung quickly, and pleural cavity, two layer close to the wall Together, the lung is always in a passive state of expansion. The elastic retraction force of the alveoli and the surface tension of