生药期末考试复习重点（The final exam review focus on crude drug）.doc

生药期末考试复习重点（The final exam review focus on crude drug） [Ephedrae] Herba dry herbaceous stems ephedra. The skin outside the thick cuticle, embedded crystal fiber, subsidence, stomatal ridge has spindle cortex hypodermal fiber vascular bundles outside the phloem with crescent shaped vascular wood category occasionally triangle ephedroid perforation plate, pith parenchyma cells containing red brown. Powder; light brown, yellow brown skin fragments containing sand grains, sunken stoma guard cell microphone or dumbbell shaped, thick sand wall cortex micro crystal inlaid crystal fiber formation, catheter occasionally ephedroid perforation plate, pigment fast red brown. [Rhei] rhubarb roots and rhizomes of Radix et Rhizoma Polygonaceae Rheum palmatum. Micro; phloem ray series cells containing brown and phloem visible large mucous layer ring cavity, forming obvious, xylem radial sparse, wood fiber, pith abnormal bundles, with Ray Brown and parenchyma cells containing crystal clusters. Three kinds of large yellow are unmyelinated, no star. Brown yellow powder; calcium oxalate crystals, mostly short and blunt edges, Wang Wen, pitting large, non lignified margin, both ends of a tapered wall with a slit like pore, umbilical points are star shaped cross. [Rhizoma Coptidis] dried rhizomes of Rhizoma, Coptidis, Buttercup, Coptis chinensis, Coptis chinensis, or Coptis chinensis. Wei Lian Ya Lianyun (even characters; taste even: multi branched clusters, bending down and hold each other, shaped like a chicken. The surface of brown, rough, irregular nodular bulge, middle smooth cylindrical slender rhizome internode, commonly known as the bridge rod, qualitative hard, irregular fracture surface, the skin orange red or dark red, yellow wood, radially arranged, fractured pith ray, red brown, sometimes hollow. The stone cells are bright yellow, solitary or in clusters. Vascular collateral, circularity, ray was formed between the beam layer is not obvious, lateral phloem fiber bundles, xyle