植物修复技术在重金属污染的土地的应用.pdf

植物修复技术在重金属污染的土地的应用：一份关于植物. 土壤.和重金属之间的关系和相关农艺学问题的评定 M.M.Lasat 科技革新办公室，US-EPA(5102G),1200 宾夕法尼亚州，N.W, 华盛顿，D.C. 204660; Fax(703)603-9135 摘要： 植物修复是一种新兴的技术,利用高等植物的使用为清理被污染的环境。基础研究和应用研究都明确表明, 选择植物物种具有遗传潜能的去除,降低、代谢、或固定范围广泛的污染物。尽管这个巨大的潜力,植物修 复尚未成为一个商业技术。本领域的进展是妨碍的知识有限基本植物补救机制。此外,该效应的农艺实践这 些机制知之甚少。另一个限制是在非常的生物性这种新奇的方式。例如,植物修复潜力取决于土壤、污染物、 微生物和植物的相互作用。这个复杂的相互作用,受到各种因素的影响,比如气候条件、土壤特性,以及网站 水电地质,反对泛化,赞成站点建立实践。因此,了解基本的工厂机制和农艺措施的影响植物/土壤/污染物交 互将允许从业者优化植物修复通过定制过程特定站点条件。 补救金属污染的土壤面临特殊的挑战。与有机污染物、金属不能退化。通常,去污金属污染的土壤需要去除 有毒金属。最近使用植物提取有毒金属污染土壤的,已经成为一个具有成本效益,环保清洁替代。在本文中, 我们回顾过程和机制,使植物去除金属从受污染的土壤并讨论农艺措施的影响对这些过程。 关键词:植物修复,植物提取 ,有毒金属,金属填埋 ABSTRACT : Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that employs the use of higher plants for the cleanup of contaminated environments. Fundamental and applied research have unequivocally demonstrated that selected plant species possess the genetic potential to remove, degrade, metabolize, or immobilize a wide range of contaminants. Despite this tremendous potential, phytoremediation is yet to become a commercial technology. Progress in the field is precluded by limited knowledge of basic plant remedial mechanisms. In addition, the effect of agronomic practices on these mechanisms is poorly understood. Another limitation lies within the very biological nature of this novel approach. For example, potential for phytoremediation depends upon the interac- tion among soil, contaminants, microbes, and plants. This complex interaction, affected by a variety of factors, such as climatic conditions, soil properties, and site hydro-geology, argues against generalization, and in favor of site-specific phytoremediating practices. Thus, an understanding of the basic plant mechanisms and the effect of agronomic practices on plant/soil/contaminant interaction would allow practitioners to optimize phytoremediation by customizing the process to site-specific conditions. Remediation of metal-contaminated soil faces