附录Ⅱ：构词法.pptxVIP

附录Ⅱ：构词法;Word formation 在英语中，词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。 1.合成(Compounding) 由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“－”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。如： blackboard　nightfall　fantasyland　cowboy　everywhere　somewhere　however　whatever　wherever　maybe　newspaper　playground　backbone　broadcast sunburn　overthrow　snowstorm　anyone　myself　eggplant　reading－room　bus－driver　man－made　blue－eyed　passer－by　worn－out　up－to－date　easy－going　part－time　bus stop　post office　ice cream　car park human rights　grass roots ;2.转化(Conversion) 一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。如： 1)taste(v.)→taste(n.) It tastes good. It has a good taste. 2)hand(n.)→hand(v.) Lets go hand in hand. Please hand in your exercise books after class. 3)clean(adj.)→clean(v.) Her room is clean and tidy. She cleans her room every day. 4)shade(n.)→shade(v.) She is sitting in the shade of a big tree. She shaded her eyes against the sun. ;词性转化后，有的单词读音会发生变化。如： 1)use/ju?s/(n.)→use/ju?z/(v.) The use of too much chemical fertilizer leads to serious problems. May I use your pencil? 2)present/preznt/(n.)→present/prIzent/(v.) She gave a very special present for my birthday. Large classes present great problems to many teachers. 3)transport/tr?nsp??t/(n.)→transport/tr?nsp??t/(v.) Horses were the only means of transport in those days. The goods were transported to Beijing. 4)increase/Ikri?s/(n.)→increase/Inkri?s/(v.) She is hoping for a wage increase. The population has increased greatly. ;3.派生(Derivation) 由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。如： 1)前缀 dis－　 agree同意　　 disagree不同意 appear出现 disappear消失 cover覆盖 discover发现 un－ able能够 unable不能 fair公平的 unfair不公平的 limited有限的 unlimited无限的 tie系上 untie解开;in－ complete完全的 incomplete不完全的 correct正确的 incorrect不正确的 im－ possible可能的 impossible不可能的 patient耐心的 impatient不耐烦的；不耐心的 polite礼貌的 impolite不礼貌的 practical实际的 impractical不切实际的 proper恰当的 improper不恰当的 non－ stop停止 non－stop不停的 smoker抽烟者 non－smoker不抽烟者;mis－ understand理解 misunderstand误解 lead领导；引导 mislead误导 re－ write写 rewrite重写 c