Satcom基础.pdfVIP

一、卫星通信基础 1. 静止卫星/ GSO satellite 静止卫星工作在位于赤道平面的圆轨道上，卫星的运行周期为24 小时。由 于静止的运转方向和角速度与地球的自转方向和角速度相同，卫星的空间位臵与 地面任意地点的相对空间关系固定不变。 GSO satellites are locating and operating at geostationary orbit. Geostationary orbit is a circular one, with its revolution period of 24 hours. A GSO satellite appears stationary above the earth, because of its running direction and orbital velocity is as same as the earth’s rotational direction and speed respectively. Therefore, an earth station could point to the satellite at fixed elevation and azimuth angles. 由静止卫星的轨道位臵示意图可见，地球的平均半径约为6378 公里，静止 卫星的轨道高度约为35786 公里，轨道半径约为42,164 公里。从静止卫星看地 球，地球的角直径约为 17.4 度。 As the sketch map of geostationary orbit shown, the earth’s mean radius is about 6378 km, while the altitude and orbit radius of a GSO satellite is approximately equal to 35786 km and 42164 km respectively. Looking from a GSO satellite, the earth’s diameter is about 17.4º in angle. 在采用 EquiRectengular 投影方式的静止卫星的覆盖范围示意图中，三条绿 线分别对应东经 105.5 度卫星的0 度、15 度、及30 度仰角服务区。图中的0 度 仰角服务区表明，静止卫星只能覆盖到南北纬大约80 度处，南北两极附近的高 纬度地区并不在静止卫星的服务区内。由 15 度仰角服务区的经度覆盖范围大致 有 140 度可知，只需轨位间隔约为 120 度的三颗静止卫星，就可以覆盖南北纬 70 度以下的绝大部分地球表面。 Adopting EquiRectengular projection method, the sketch map of the coverage of a GSO satellite located in 105.5ºE longitude presents three green lines denoting service areas of elevation 0º, 15º and 30º respectively. The service area of 0º elevation indicates that a GSO satellite could only cover the area between 80ºN and 80ºS latitude, while higher latitude areas near north pole and south pole would be out of the service. On the other hand, the service area of 15º elevation could cover the area about 140 degrees in longitude, it shows that only three GSO satellites with 120º orbital space one another could cover most of the earth surface where latitude not higher than 70º. 2. 卫星通信的历史与现况/Satcom, the pas