乏燃料循环热工殷浩.docxVIP

乏燃料循环 殷浩 (1. 哈尔滨工业大学能源学院核反应堆工程专业，哈尔滨 150090，Email:y126.com) 摘要： 目前，对于乏燃料的管理，国际上主要有两种战略考虑：其一是后处理战略。即对乏燃料中所含的96%的有用核燃料进行分离并回收利用，裂变产物和次锕系元素固化后进行深地质层处置或进行分离嬗变，这是一种闭路核燃料循环。其特点是铀资源利用率提高，减少了高放废物处置量并降低其毒性，但缺点是费用可能较高，可生产高纯度的钚，有核扩散的风险。其二是一次通过战略。即乏燃料经过冷却、包装后作为废物送入深地质层处置或长期贮存，美国曾经支持此战略，但其最终处置场尤卡山项目碰到了困难，现在美国已转向了后处理。该战略特点是费用可能较低，概念简单；无高纯钚产生，核扩散风险低。但缺点是废物放射性及毒性高，延续时间长达几百万年；没有工业运行经验。本文对这两种管理战略进行了对比探讨，并比较了相应的优缺点。 关键词：乏燃料 后处理 废料 循环 Spent nuclear fuel cycle Yin Hao (1 Harbin Institute of Technology School of energy nuclear reactor engineering, Harbin 150090, Email:y126.com) Abstract: at present, for the spent fuel management, there are two main types of international strategic thinking: one is the strategy of post-processing. Of spent fuel contained 96% of the useful nuclear fuel for separation and recycling, fission products and actinides cured in deep geological disposal or layer separation, and this is a kind of closed nuclear fuel cycle. Characterized by uranium resource utilization, decrease the high-level radioactive waste disposal and reduce its toxicity, but the disadvantage is that cost may be higher, it can produce high purity of plutonium, there is the risk of nuclear proliferation. The second is through strategic at a time. The spent fuel after cooling, packing as waste into the deep geological disposal or storage for a long time, the United States had supported the strategy, but its final disposal site the yucca mountain project met with difficulties, the United States has now turned to the post-processing. The cost may be lower, strategy is characterized by simple concept; Generating high purity plutonium, low proliferation risks. But the disadvantage is that radioactive waste and the high toxicity, duration for millions of years. No industrial operation experience. This paper compares the two kinds of management strategy of discussion, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the corresponding. Keywords: spent fuel reprocessing waste r