湿化学课件2.pdf

Wet Chemical Syntheses and Preparations of Materials 2 Chemistry of colloid 2.1 General for Colloids  A colloid is a substance microscopically dispersed evenly throughout another substance.  A colloidal system consists of two separate phases : a dispersed phase (or internal phase ) and a continuous phase (or dispersion medium).  A colloidal system may be solid, liquid, or gaseous.  The dispersed-phase particles have a diameter of approximately 5 ~ 200 nanometers. 2 Chemistry of colloid  Classification 胶体着色 2 Chemistry of colloid  Solid(liquid)/gas Aerosol (气溶胶) : a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas Aerogel (气凝胶): is a highly porous material with extremely low density and thermal conductivity. 2 Chemistry of colloid  Liquid/liquid Emulsion (乳浊液): a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible Milk butterfat globules within a water-based fluid that contains dissolved carbohydrates 2 Chemistry of colloid  Solid/solid Opal (蛋白石): An amorphous form of silica. the water content is usually between 6% to 10%.  At micro scales, opal is composed of silica spheres some 150 to 300 nm in diameter in a hexagonal or cubic close-packed lattice.  The ordered packing the internal colors  the light interference and diffraction 2 Chemistry of colloid  Solid/liquid  True solution  Homogeneous  the components of the mixture form a single phase Colloidal solution  Sol  1-10