实用微型客车设计-传动轴，变速器及操纵机构设计【毕业论文+CAD图纸全套】.doc

实用微型客车设计——变速器、传动轴及操纵机构设计 摘　要 本次设计中密切联系总体整体布置、离合器、传动轴、驱动桥设计人员，以实现变速器与发动机及其他传动机构的最佳匹配，力求整车结构更加合理。 变速器的结构对汽车的动力性，经济性，操纵的可靠性与轻便性，工作噪声等都有直接影响。变速器主要用来改变发动机传到驱动轮上的转矩和转速，目的是在起步、爬坡、转弯、加速等各种行驶工况下，使汽车获得不同的牵引力和速度，同时使发动机在最有利的工况下范围工作，设有空档和倒档。 本次设计按照传统设计方法，本着半经验半理论的设计原则通过类比法确定方案，参照已有车型变速器结构，最后以机械零件的强度和刚度理论对确定的形状和尺寸进行必要的计算和校核，以满足约束条件，进而缩短设计周期，降低设计成本。 通过对传动轴的传动类型、结构的分析；对万向节的十字轴 、滚针轴承 、万向节差的设计；对传动轴的临界转速和计算载荷的确定，对传动方式、传动轴和十字轴滚针轴承，确定了所设计车辆使用的这些部件的具体尺寸，确定了传动轴的花键轴和轴管的尺寸，并校核了其扭转强度和临界转速，确定了合适的安全系数。 关键词：变速器，传动轴，操纵机构 THE DESIGN OF PRARECTICAL MINIATURE CAR——TRANSMISSION、TRANSMISSION SHAFT AND MANIPULATING BODIES DESIGN ABSTRACT The design connects with the overall layout、clutch、transmission shaft and drive bridge of designers to get the best match of transmission with engine and other drives,and to make the vehicle structure more reasonable. The structure of transmission have the direct influence on the power and fuel economy of automobiles,the reliability and portability of manipulation.Transmission is mainly used to change the driving wheels’ torque and speed which are from the engine.The purpose is,under the starting、the climbing 、the turning、the acceleration and other traffic conditions,to make car get different traction and speed ,and make engine set up free gear and reverse gear. According to the traditional design methodology, and consulting the transmission structures which existed cars have,the design establishes program by analogy with the semi-empirical theory of design priciples,calculats and check the shape and size with strength and stiffness of mechanical parts theory to meet the restrictive conditions,then shorts the design cycle and reduces design costs. Based on the analysis of the type and the structure of the drive shaft,the design of the cross shaft、the needle roller bearings and the universal joint of the gimbal;the confirm of the critical speed and load calculation of the drive shaft, the specific sizes of drive manner、drive shaft and