第6章 细胞核与染色体.pdf

小结 G蛋白偶联的受体(GPCR): cAMP pathway; PI3/DAG pathway 酶偶联的细胞表面受体: RTK pathway; Jak- STAT pathway; TGF-β pathway 依赖于调节蛋白水解的信号通路: Wnt patnway; Hedgehog pathway; NF-kB pathway 植物中的信号传导通路 信号通路的激活与调节； 生理与病理—药物设计和疾病治疗 1 第六章 细胞核与染色体 2 Outline Nucleus (细胞核) The chromatin/ chromosome (染色质/体)— Telomeres and telomerase (端粒/端粒酶) Nucleolus (核仁) 3 The Central Dogma （中心法则） 4 1、Nucleus The nuclear envelope (核被膜) —the nuclear pore complex Nucleolus (核仁) The nucleoplasm (核质) The chromatin/ chromosome(染色质/体) The nuclear matrix (核 基质)/Nucleoskeleton (核骨架)— insoluble fibrillar network 5 Lamina (核纤层） 2、Chromatin and chromosome  Chromatin (染色质) and chromosome (染色体) Chromatin (interphase) Chromosome (M phase) • Fibers, 10-30nm in diamete • Cell division, these fibers • Dispersed through the nucleus condense and fold into larger, • DNA+Proteins compact structure 6 Euchromatin(常染色质) and heterochromatin(异染色质) Euchromatin • The possibility of transcription • 30-nm fibers and looped domains • Light-staining, less condensed Heterochromatin • No transcriptional activity • Dark-staining, condensed chromatin • In a typical mammalian cell, approximately 10% of the genome is packaged into heterochromatins forming CEN (centromere, 着丝粒) and TEL (telomere, 端粒) • Divided into two classes: constitutive (结构 性异染色质) and facultative(兼性异染