初三化学《酸-碱-盐》知识点总结（Summary of knowledge of acid alkali salt in Third chemistry）.docVIP

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初三化学《酸-碱-盐》知识点总结（Summary of knowledge of acid alkali salt in Third chemistry）.doc

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初三化学《酸-碱-盐》知识点总结（Summary of knowledge of acid alkali salt in Third chemistry）

初三化学《酸-碱-盐》知识点总结（Summary of knowledge of acid alkali salt in Third chemistry） Summary of knowledge of acid alkali salt in Third chemistry I. composition of acids, bases and salts Acids are compounds composed of hydrogen and acids, such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and nitric acid (HNO3) Is a compound composed of alkali metal elements and hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonia (NH3? H2O) Salt is a compound consisting of metal elements (or ammonium radicals) and acids, such as sodium chloride and sodium carbonate An aqueous solution of acid, base, or salt can conduct electricity (for example, when dissolved in water, it forms a free moving anion and cation) Two, acid 1, concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid physical properties, characteristics, uses Concentrated hydrochloric acid color, the state of pure: colorless liquid Industrial hydrochloric acid: yellow (containing Fe3+), colorless, thick and oily liquid, smell, pungent odor, no characteristic volatile (exposure in air, the mouth of white mist) absorption dehydration Strong oxidizing corrosive applications: metal rust removal Manufacture of drugs The human body contains a small amount of hydrochloric acid, which helps to digest metal rust Concentrated sulfuric acid used as desiccant The production of fertilizers, refined oil, acid (2 common reasons: it is a general cation generated acid dissociation when all is H+) (1) with pH indicator reaction: the purple litmus red, can make color colorless phenolphthalein TS (2) metal + acid + salt + hydrogen (3) alkaline oxide + acid + salt + water (4) alkali + acid + salt + water (5) salt + acid - another Salt + another acid (the product meets the metathesis condition) 3, three kinds of ion inspection Reagents Cl-, AgNO3 and HNO3, SO42-, Ba (NO3) 2 and HNO3 II, HCl and BaCl2, CO32-, HCl and lime water three and base 1. The physical properties and uses of sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide Sodium hydroxid