病案分析-儿科学（Medical records analysis - Pediatrics）.docVIP

病案分析-儿科学（Medical records analysis - Pediatrics） 1 children with diarrhea, diarrhea, caused by a variety of causes of increased stool frequency and changes in stool characteristics characterized by gastrointestinal dysfunction syndrome. Good hair in 2 years old, especially 1 years old more. Diarrhea is the most common clinical symptom, accompanied by vomiting. Severe water and electrolyte disturbances are frequent. It is one of the major causes of malnutrition, growth and development, and death in children Pathogenesis: osmotic diarrhea: intestinal cavity can not be absorbed with the penetration of the existence of a large number of active substances of secretory diarrhea: intraluminal electrolyte hypersecretion. Exudative diarrhea: inflammation caused by liquid exudation. The intestinal dysfunction of diarrhea The clinical manifestations of acute diarrhea in 1 (1): light mainly for gastrointestinal symptoms, dehydration and symptoms of poisoning (2): heavy heavier gastrointestinal symptoms, with obvious dehydration, electrolyte disorder and systemic poisoning 2 dehydration 3 metabolic acidosis due to the loss of HCO3- caused by. 4 hypokalemia: General 3.5 mmol/L is symptomatic; 5 hypocalcemia and hypocalcemia Causes of severe metabolic acidosis: 1. diarrhea loss of a large amount of alkaline substance 2., eat less because of vomiting and malabsorption, body fat oxidation decrease, ketoplasia = 3. blood volume down, blood concentration, slow blood flow, tissue hypoxia induced accumulation of lactic acid in 4. renal blood deficiency, urine volume down, acid metabolite retention. The characteristics of rotavirus: acute onset; often accompanied by symptoms of fever and upper respiratory tract infection; vomiting before diarrhea; systemic infection symptoms lighter; stool: dilute water Egg vegetable soup, no smell, a small amount of white blood cells; dehydration: for isotonic dehydration, with acidosis and electrolyte disorder The principle of treatment principle of