构词法完整.doc

构词法-派生派生词多数是由词根（Base）加后缀（Suffixes）构成。构成名词的后缀常用的有下面这些： 后缀 例词 -er thinker harvester pain-killer eye-opener -or actor sailor transistor semi-conductor -ist Marxist scientist dentist Buddhist -ee employee trainee referee trustee -ess hostess actress waitress lioness -ian magician musician technician physician -ese Chinese Japanese Portuguese Pekinese -ant inhabitant contestant lubricant dependant -ism socialism racism heroism optimism -ness illness happiness greatness coldness -(a)tion dictation preparation exception repetition -ment movement argument judgement government -ion expansion discussion revision decision -ing building feeling painting wedding -ship leadership friendship scholarship hardship -hood childhood falsehood likelihood motherhood -age shortage marriage leakage shrinkage -ure failure pressure pleasure seizure -dom freedom kingdom martyrdom officialdom -ty loyalty cruelty safety penalty -ity activity reality humidity possibility -y modesty difficulty discovery inquiry -th truth warmth health length -al refusal denial approval arrival -ance acceptance allowance assistance reliance -ence dependence confidence difference reference -ful mouthful handful plateful busful -ry jewelry bribery slavery rivalry -eer engineer mountaineer auctioneer profiteer -ette cigarette kichenette usherette dinnerette -let booklet leaflet piglet starlet -ate doctorate consulate electorate sulphate 构成形容词的后缀常用的有下面形式： 后缀 例词 -ful cheerful useful grateful faithful -less careless homeless fearless motherless -ish childish reddish Swedish selfish -ive active collective decisive destructive -ous courageous famous continuous erroneous -able acceptable agreeable applicable comfortable -ic realistic poetic historic energetic -ant ignorant significant defiant observant -ly friendly leisurely lively daily -al critical accidental continual exceptional -y rainy handy thirsty dirty -ent different dependent consistent obedient -ary imaginary revo