电气工程专业英语CHAPTER 1 TRANSFORMERS.pdfVIP

CHAPTER 1 TRANSFORMERS 1-1 Practical Single-Phase Transformer When developing the theory of a single-phase transformer it is first convenient to consider the operation of the so-called ‘ideal transformer’, for which all the flux links all the turns on both windings; winding resistance and iron losses can be neglected and a negligible magnetizing current sets up the flux. And a practical transformer differs from the ideal in the following respects: (1) The core is not infinitely permeable, and to establish the mutual flux it requires a magnetizing m.m.f. Fm. As the core has a non-linear B/H relation, the magnetizing m.m.f. depends upon the degree of core saturation. (2) The core is the seat of loss arising from alternating magnetization, so that the exciting (primary)winding must also supply the core-loss power. (3) The windings have individual resistance between terminals, of values determined by the resistivity of the conductor material and augmented by eddy-current loss. (4) The windings are not perfectly coupled, so that not all the flux developed by the primary links the secondary, and the latter produces further flux not linking the primary. Consider now a practical transformer with the secondary on open-circuit. A magnetizing current Im will be required to set up the mutual flux Φ and this current will, under linear conditions, be in phase with the flux Φ. A practical transformer will obviously have iron losses in the core and a core-loss component of current Ic will be required to provide the power associated with these losses. This current will be in phase with the primary e.m.f. The no-load current I of the transformer will then be the phasor sum of I and I .