空压机故障分析及处理方法.docVIP

大连海事大学 毕 业 论 文 二○一一 年 八 月 “新北二”轮空压机故障分析及处理方法内容摘要 摘 要：ABSTTRACT：Basic analyze on the principle and structure characteristic of the air compressor on ship. The air compressor is a vertical, The air valve is very important while easy to damage. In daily maintenance, we should pay special attention to the various pressure gauges to instruct whether they work normally or not, and should guarantee the lubrication effect. Still in this essay I introduced the air displacement insufficient breakdown phenomenon. Relating to the air compressor movement principle and its unique feature, we carried on the analysis to the breakdown, tried to found the root of the breakdown, inspected and measured the related parts, and theoretically made the correct judgments to the breakdown cause. After that, considering reciprocation plunger type air compressor breakdown characteristic and the experience realized, and according to the breakdown judgments, the tests and the processing general methods, we made the analysis to the actual problem, carried on exchanges and repairs to the related equipment which lead to the problem .Finally we fixed the breakdown and restored the air compressor to normal work. Keywords: air compressor；air valve ；breakdown ；diagnosis ；deal with 目 录 1 前言 1 2 空压机原理和结构及排气量理论分析 1 2.1 空压机原理和结构 1 2.2 整体结构特点 3 2.3 排气量影响因素 6 3 空压机故障概述 6 4 故障的分析与排除 7 5 安装和使用维护 8 5.1安装要求 8 5.2运行前检查 8 5.3运行情况检查 8 5.4停机检查 8 5.5维护要求 9 6总结 9 6.1 隔断(接通) 法 9 6.2试探法 9 6.3比较法 9 “新北二”轮空压机故障分析及处理方法前言图1活塞式空压机理论工作循环 如图1所示，为活塞式空压机理论工作循环。当活塞从上止点向下止点移动时，压缩机处于吸气过程，如f-1所示。此时气缸内压力始终与吸入管中的压力相等。最大吸气容积就是气缸工作容积。当活塞从下止点回行时，吸气阀关闭，气缸在缸内被压缩，如1-2所示。当压力升高到排出压力时，排除阀开启，压缩过程结束，这时缸内气体体积被排出。排出阀开启后缸内压力即保持不变，直到活塞行至上止点，全部气体被排出，排出过程结束。在图1中，2-g为气体流出气缸到贮气器中；g-f?为  图5低压级吸、排气组合阀 1.气阀弹簧 2排气阀阀片 3定位销4固定螺栓 5吸气阀阀片 6排气阀阀座 7吸气阀阀座 8密封圈 图6 高压级吸、排气阀 1固定螺栓 2气阀弹簧 3定位销 4密封圈 5吸气阀阀座 6吸气阀阀片 7排气阀阀座 8排气阀阀片 如图5所示为低压级吸、排气组合阀，它安装在气缸盖内。其吸气阀为双环环状阀，排气阀为单环环状阀。低压级吸气阀的上半部分为阀座，装有压阀套，其上方为低压级吸气腔，通过空气滤清器与大气相通；其下方为阀盖，与气缸上部相通。低压级排气阀的