恢复生态（Restore ecology）.doc

恢复生态（Restore ecology） 1 Ecological Restoration (Xia Yi): the process of helping to restore degraded ecosystems damaged or destroyed, it is a purpose of starting and accelerating of ecosystem health, integrity and Sustainability Initiative for recovery. 2 characteristics of ecosystems: An ecosystem is an integrated system of life, objects, and environment; Biology and environment have been co evolved for a long time; The ecosystem is developing and changing; Ecosystem is a complex dynamic equilibrium system (feedback regulation system); Natural ecosystems are open systems of varying degrees. 3 ecosystem types: Terrestrial ecosystems: forest ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, desert ecosystems, Agro ecosystems, urban ecosystems; Water ecosystem: river ecosystem, pond ecosystem, marine ecosystem; Natural ecosystem, semi natural ecosystem, artificial ecosystem; 4 restoration ecology: the study of the causes of ecosystem degradation, the techniques and methods of restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystems, and their ecological processes and mechanisms. 5 emphasizes the reasons for ecological reconstruction: The time scale span requires a longer time scale for natural restoration, much larger than the time required for artificial reconstruction; Natural restoration speed is difficult to meet the current social fast speed, high ecological needs of construction; Active ecological reconstruction will promote recovery, make the best use of circumstances, adjust measures to local conditions, and pay attention to the coordination and unity of ecological benefits and economic benefits. 6 ecological system: in a certain time and space range, biological communities and their living environment are interdependent through the material circulation and energy flow surface interaction, which has certain structure and function of the organic whole. 7 ecosystem function: material cycle, energy flow, information transfer. 8 ecosystem structure:? 9, the composition of the ecosyst