航空航天基本知识（Basic knowledge of Aeronautics and Astronautics）.docVIP

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航空航天基本知识（Basic knowledge of Aeronautics and Astronautics）.doc

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航空航天基本知识（Basic knowledge of Aeronautics and Astronautics）

航空航天基本知识（Basic knowledge of Aeronautics and Astronautics） Basic knowledge of Aeronautics and Astronautics We know that mans home is the earth, and the earth is covered with a layer of atmosphere. Without water and air, as well as suitable temperature and environment, it is difficult for living beings to live. Usually, in peoples eyes, the sky is very high. It is very difficult to get out of the thick atmosphere and go into space. In fact, compared with the earth, the atmosphere is very thin. It is known that the earth is about 12700 kilometers in diameter and that the atmosphere is only 100-800 kilometers thick. If we compare the earth to an apple, then we can think of the atmosphere as the skin of an apple, but the apple skin itself is very changeable. For example, the most close to the earths surface layer, called the troposphere, the height from the sea until about 11000 meters, the top boundary is changed with latitude, season and so on, at the equator is 17000 meters, in the mid latitude regions (such as Beijing, Tianjin area) is 11000 meters, on the two poles of the earth area is 7000-8000 meters. The main feature of the troposphere is that the air temperature decreases with the increase of altitude, which is also called the variable temperature layer. On average, the temperature rises by 1000 meters per year, and the temperature drops by about 6.5 degrees centigrade. At the same time, the pressure decreases as the height increases. Because of the gravity of the earth, at the height of 5500 meters, it contains half of the total atmosphere, while the whole troposphere accounts for about 3/4 of the total atmospheric mass. Because almost all of the water vapor is concentrated in this layer of atmosphere, coupled with a large number of particles, so here is also the most dramatic change in the layer. From a height of about 11000 meters, up to 30500 meters, the atmospheric temperature basically unchanged, the average remained at -56.5 DEG C, so it is called the str