口腔生物化学0501（Oral Biochemistry 0501）.docVIP

口腔生物化学0501（Oral Biochemistry 0501） I. overview (1) the concept of biological oxidation Biological oxidation refers to the process of oxidation and decomposition of substances in organisms. The process of biological oxidation can be carried out both inside and outside the mitochondria of cells, but the process of oxidation is different. Generation of mitochondrial oxidation with ATP, while the outer mitochondrial such as endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome (microsomal) generation oxidation without ATP, and the main metabolites or drugs and poisons on biotransformation. (two) characteristics of biological oxidation Nutrients such as sugar, lipids and proteins can be oxidized both in vivo and in vitro to produce C0 2 and H 20. But the biological oxidation in vivo is different from that in vitro. 1. biological oxidation is an enzyme catalyzed oxidation reaction in cells, which is catalyzed by enzymes in almost every reaction step. The reaction does not require high temperature, nor does it require the assistance of strong acids, alkalis and strong oxidants. It can be performed in the body temperature and near neutral pH environment. 2. biological oxidation is gradually carried out, and gradually completed, so the reaction will not suddenly release a lot of energy, of course, will not produce high temperature, high fever. A considerable portion of the energy released from the reaction gradually makes ADP phosphorylated to produce ATP, which is stored in ATP molecules for physiological and biochemical activities. Two, respiratory chain (1) the concept of the respiratory chain Biological oxidation in mitochondria depends on a series of enzymes of mitochondrial function, these enzymes and coenzymes in the mitochondrial inner membrane according to a certain sequence consisting of hydrogen delivery or delivery of electronic system called respiratory chain or electron transfer chain. (two) the composition and arrangement of the two respiratory chains 1., there are five main comp