多元化与因材施教的社区培力.PDF

台灣社區工作與社區研究學刊 第六卷第二期 2016 年8 月 頁95-132 研究論文 多元化與因材施教的社區培力 劉弘煌 實踐大學社會工作學系副教授 收稿日期：2016 年4 月7 日，接受刊登日期：2016 年8 月9 日。  通訊方式：liou@.tw 96 台灣社區工作與社區研究學刊 中文摘要 現代社區組織要協助政府或地方解決各類的社區問題或找出地方發展的方 向，社區組織是否具備足夠的能量或能力攸關社區的發展。因此，近年來對地 方社區組織的培力，開始為政府、民間及學界所重視，期待藉著各種不同的教 學、觀摩、方案、旗艦社區計畫，讓社區組織的幹部培力增能。社區因具備的 能力不同，因此將發展程度不同的社區分級培力，是常被嘗試採用的方法。對 發展較優勢的社區，希望它們能繼續保持發展的動能；對剛開始發展的社區提 供組織發展的技術；對於未發展或發展意願低的社區，則讓社區專家介入帶領 或輔導；或透過旗艦社區讓發展不同的社區共同學習。本論文將討論社區培力、 社區能量建構、社區發展的意義、及三者之間的關係、社區培力的利益與風險、 分級培力及研究者過去的培力經驗與發現。 關鍵字 ：社區培力 、社區能量建構 、社區發展 、分級培力 多元與個別化社區培力 97 Individualized and diversified community empowerment Horng-Hwang Liou Associate Professor, Department of Social Work Shih-Chien University Abstract Since 1960’s the community development was the theme policy for the central government in Taiwan. Thousands of neighborhood communities were established. For a very long periods of time community was just a tool for election and governance. Majority of community programs, such as enhance community infrastructure, promote production for better social welfare, and cultivate better resident ‘s community identity, were implemented in a top-down fashion. Among over 6000 community organizations only about 12% of the community were considered to be well established. Majority of the community were either not been well developed or poorly developed. Seventy percent of the community budgets were sponsored by the local government. The resources for implement programs were varied among communities. In the past well established community organ