石生真菌研究现状与展望-生物多样性.PDF

生物多样性 2016, 24 (9): 1068–1076 doi: 10.17520/biods.2016140 Biodiversity Science http: // •综述• 石生真菌研究现状与展望 1,2# 1,2# 1 1* 杨 顺 孙 微 刘杏忠 向梅春 1 (中国科学院微生物研究所真菌学国家重点实验室, 北京 100101) 2 ( 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049) 摘要: 石生真菌是一类生长在裸露岩石上形成紧凑暗色菌落的特殊生命, 在自然界未发现其有性生殖结构, 它们 具有丰富的物种多样性。石生真菌是地球上最具耐受力的一种真核生命, 具有独特的适应性, 并进化出各种适应 机制以占据严酷的生态位, 它们在细胞结构、代谢方式、抗逆机制等方面具有特殊性。尽管石生真菌很常见,但由 于其体积小、生长缓慢并且缺乏明显的形态特征而常常被人们忽视。本文在介绍石生真菌的多样性、研究方法和 研究历史的基础上, 重点介绍石生真菌的逆境耐受性和抗逆机制以及石生真菌的应用研究。以期能引起科学工作 者对这类特殊生境里的真菌研究的重视, 更好地理解这类真菌在地球上的重要作用。 关键词: 石生真菌; 多样性; 抗逆性; 文物保护; 天体生物学 Research status and prospects of rock-inhabiting fungi 1,2# 1,2# 1 1* Shun Yang , Wei Sun , Xingzhong Liu , Meichun Xiang 1 State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 Abstract: Rock-inhabiting fungi (RIF) are peculiar organisms with high diversity that apparently lack sexual reproductive structures and form compact, melanised colonies on bare rock surfaces. These fungi are one of the most stress-tolerant eukaryotic life forms on the earth and have evolved a variety of adaptive mechanisms to occupy harsh niches. They also have special characteristics related to their cell structure, metabolism, and stress tolerance mechanisms. Although RIF are very ubiquitous, they have often been overlooked due to their small size, slow growth and lack of diagnostic features. In this review,