CHAPTER 4 The Components of the System 2. Processor 课件.pptVIP

CHAPTER 4 The Components of the System Unit Processor Fundamental Concepts Processor fetches one instruction at a time and perform the operation specified. Instructions are fetched from successive memory locations until a branch or a jump instruction is encountered. Processor keeps track of the address of the memory location containing the next instruction to be fetched using Program Counter (PC). Instruction Register (IR) Executing an Instruction Fetch the contents of the memory location pointed to by the PC. The contents of this location are loaded into the IR (fetch phase). IR ← [[PC]] Assuming that the memory is byte addressable, increment the contents of the PC by 4 (fetch phase). PC ← [PC] + 4 Carry out the actions specified by the instruction in the IR (execution phase). Internal organization of the processor ALU Registers for temporary storage Various digital circuits for executing different micro operations.(gates, MUX,decoders,counters). Internal path for movement of data between ALU and registers. Driver circuits for transmitting signals to external units. Receiver circuits for incoming signals from external units. PC: Keeps track of execution of a program Contains the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched and executed. MAR: Holds the address of the location to be accessed. I/P of MAR is connected to Internal bus and an O/p to external bus. MDR: Contains data to be written into or read out of the addressed location. IT has 2 inputs and 2 Outputs. Data can be loaded into MDR either from memory bus or from internal processor bus. The data and address lines are connected to the internal bus via MDR and MAR ALU: Used to perform arithmetic and logical operation. Data Path: The registers, ALU and interconnecting bus are collectively referred to as the data path. Registers: The processor registers R0 to Rn-1 vary considerably from one processor to another. Registers are provided for general purpose used by programm