月日上午赵丽敏国培语音.ppt

11. Classification of consonants 常见分类方法： 按声带活动方式不同： voiced consonants (浊辅音) voiceless consonants (清辅音) 按发音部位不同： 双唇音 /p/ /b/ /m/ /w/ 唇齿音 /f/ /v/ (舌)齿音 /θ/ /e/ 齿龈音 /t/ /d/ /s/ /z/ /ts/ /dz/ /n/ /l/ 后齿龈音 /r/ /tr/ /dr/ 硬腭齿龈音 /t?/ /d?/ /?/ /?/ 硬腭音 /j/ 软腭音 /k/ /g/ /?/ 声门音 /h/ 按发音方式不同： plosives (爆破音)(stops塞音): /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ fricatives (摩擦音): /f/ /v/ /θ/ /e/ /s/ /z/ /?/ /?/ /r/ /h/ affricates(破擦音): /t?/ /d?/ /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/ nasals (鼻音): /m/ /n/ /?/ lateral (边音，舌侧音): /l/ semi-vowels (半元音): /w/ /j/ 12. plosives (爆破音)(stops塞音) 1) /p/ /b/：双唇紧闭，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。 /p/: pick, peace, lip, hope /b/: big, bike, web, rub /p—b/对比：park—bark; port—bought; rope—robe; cap—cab Tongue twister Peter piper picked a peck of pickled peppers; A peck of pickled peppers peter piper picked; If peter piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, Where’s the peck of pickled peppers peter piper picked? 2) /t/ /d/：舌尖紧贴上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。 /t/: tell, take, tool, foot, boot /d/: deep, dog, read, good, food /t—d/对比：bet—bed; heart—hard; sight—side; brought—broad —(e)d 读音规则 (1) /d/ after all voiced consonants except /d/, and after all vowel sounds planned, judged, played, rowed (2) /t/ after all voiceless consonants except /t/ knocked, washed, helped, laughed (3) As a separate syllable, /id/ after /d, t/ protected, intended (4) As a separate syllable /id/ in some adjectives which end in -ed a naked child a two-legged animal a wicked idea a wretched day a ragged coat an aged minister (compare: He has aged a lot) a dogged determination (compare: A thief dogged my steps) Tongue Twister Round and round The rugged rock The ragged rascal ran. 3) /k/ /g/:舌后部隆起紧贴软腭，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。 /k/: come, king, sick, like /g/: go, God, pig, dog / k—g /对比：pig—pick; log—lock; beg—beck Cut your coat according to your cloth. (量体裁衣) All that glitters is not gold. (闪闪发光者，未必尽黄金) A good beginning